Art

THE FORMAL ELEMENTS


Line –
Includes actual lines, implied lines, lines formed by edges, directional lines, and lines forming pattern, texture, shading, and contour lines creating modeling
Strictly defined: a line is a path traced by a moving point
Can be organic or straight
Popular among artists utilizing contour lines such as Matisse
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Shape –
A two-dimensional area having identifiable boundaries, created by lines, color or value changes, or some combination of these
Form: deals with composition and the physical appearance of a work of art relating to materials and style

Mass –
Three-dimensional form, often implying bulk, density, and weight

Light –
Actual light, illusion of light
The contrasts created by light and darkness (related to value)
The origin of light and how that effects the interpretation of the work
Rembrandt is well known as a painter of light.  He uses small beams of light as emphasis in his paintings, creating shadows.  He plays with light in such as way so that the light itself actually becomes a character in the painting.

Value –
Refers to light and dark, chiaroscuro (movement or gesture of light and shade)
The gradation of a gray scale or hue, tint and shade

Color –
Local color, emotional qualities of color (the mood), color schemes
Analogous color, monochromatic color, triads, polychromatic color, absence of color

Texture –
Can be actual or implied through medium, style, composition, value, color, pattern, etc.

Pattern –
Any decorative, repetitive motif or design
Can create visual texture

Space –
Can be 2- or 3-dimensional, may refer to the illusion of space or depth on a 2-dimentional surface (i.e. perspective)
The area behind the shape, the background
Architecture:  appreciating the sculptural masses from the outside, while walking through the shaped space from the inside
The void within boundaries
“The works of art take their character from the ways in which they carve out volumes of space within and around them.” (Gilbert’s Living with Art – 6th  ed.)

Time –
Variations of light to indicate a time of day
Popular with Impressionists like Monet (He enjoyed making studies of the same environment or object at different times of day.  He believed that each shift in light created a different subject, as though there were no continuing reality but only a collection of moments.)

Motion – Implied or actual kinetic energy, dynamism Popular with Futurists in the early 20th century such as Balla, Calder, and Boccioni due to inventions such as the automobile and airplanes.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

Unity –
A sense of oneness, a coherent whole
Appears almost always with Variety.  Artists strive to find just the right point on the spectrum – the point at which there is sufficient visual unity enlivened by sufficient variety.
 Variety –
Differences that create interest
 Balance –
Can refer to symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial, or actual physical balance, such as in sculpture
Also refers to the visual weight of a piece, the distribution of parts around an axis or point
 Emphasis and Focal Point –
Can be a center of interest, an area emphasized by directional forces, color, proportion, etc.
Works with Subordination
 Subordination –
Certain areas of the composition are purposefully made less visually interesting, so that the areas of emphasis stand out
Can be just as visually stimulating as the Focal Point, but fades to create an atmosphere or backdrop to the subject matter
 Proportion –
Relative sizes of objects within the image itself

Scale –
Size of the work of art in relation to external objects in its environment
Outrageous scale is evident in the work of Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen – Plantoir.

Rhythm and Repetition –
Refers to visual rhythms, repetition of elements in color, shape, size, etc.
Can be related to Pattern
An example would be to try to paint music, what kind of patterns and rhythms would need to be present to convey that message? – Lorna Simpson’s Easy to Remember

Critique #2

Format & Length:
Your critique should be presented as professionally as possible. It must be double-spaced, 12 point, Times New Roman font (no bold type), with correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.  Do not put extra spacing between paragraphs.
YOU MUST CRITIQUE A SCULPTURE FROM THE LIST PROVIDED
 The paper must include a title page, plus 1.5 to 2.5 pages of text, (not to exceed 4 pages), and a Works Cited page. The MLA format should be used. You may use online sources for the MLA style. (Google: OWL at Purdue) It is not necessary to include the image of the work of art you are analyzing, but it is fine if you do. If you include an image, use a separate page after the title page and before your critique text.  Do not include an image on the title page. You will be required to use at least one citation and provide a Works Cited page for this critique.
20 points will be deducted if your critique is not 1.5 to 2.5 pages of text.
 This is a strict requirement!
Your critique must be submitted as an attachment through SafeAssign on Bblearn. This is located below this assignment under Exams and Critiques---look for the green checkmark. The critique file must be in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) format only.
 Late hard copies will not be accepted.  Remember that papers sent in the wrong format will not be graded.  No re-writes will be allowed!


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Title Page:
There is a link to a visual image of this. (12 point font, Times New Roman) Do not attach the title page separately from the rest of the critique. Do not include an image on the title page.
Remember that titles of art works, like book titles, need to be italicized or underlined.  This includes when you state the title on the title page and in the text of your paper.
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Analysis of the Work of Art:
Your analysis of the works of art you have chosen to write about should include a formal, analytic description of the work as well as a personal interpretation. In all, the analysis must have 5 main sections: Description, Medium, Style, Elements & Principles, and Personal Interpretation.
1. Choose a sculpture from the choices given on the link provided.  The first paragraph of your paper should be a detailed description of the sculpture you have chosen to analyze. These descriptions must be thorough enough that the reader-graders should be able to visualize the works based on what you write.  Is the environment around the sculpture important?
2.  In the second paragraph, describe the medium (sculpting material) used in the work of art you are analyzing. The description of each medium should also include your opinion regarding why the artist chose the particular medium he/she used in the work of art. For example, one artist may choose to cast a sculpture in bronze for durability, while another artist may choose to model a piece in soft, malleable clay because it is more direct and expressive.  Explain how the chosen medium enhances the statement the artist makes in the work you analyze.





3.  In the third paragraph, analyze the style of the sculpture.  Is it realistic, idealistic, abstract, or non-objective?  Discuss when the work you have chosen to write about was produced. You may wish to provide a short background on the artist. Remember to use citation. You must discuss the time period in which the sculpture was created and use an in-text citation and citation page using the MLA style.  What does this work express about the time and culture in which it was created?
4.  The fourth paragraph of your critique should be an analysis of the formal elements and principles of design used in this work of art. Remember, you must discuss at least four elements or principles and use them with the correct meanings.  Your vocabulary should use terms for 3-D art. This is worth 20 points of your grade.
5.  Lastly, please give your personal interpretation and opinion of the sculpture you have chosen. Explain why you chose this particular work from those available. Discuss such matters as:  What is it about the work that appeals to you or displeases you?  How does this work make you feel?  Does the work evoke emotions, such as laughter, boredom, disgust, delight?  Why?
Please see the grading rubric for a clear outline of what must be included in your critique, and the point values assigned to each section.
Please note:    If you use direct quotes or information drawn from research sources or paraphrasing them, those sources must be cited in-text, and in a Works Cited page in the MLA Citation Style. If you do not cite quotations or the source(s) of specific information, you are plagiarizing.

I do not accept Wikipedia as a source!

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 Point Value of Critique
The critique will be graded out of 100 points.
Evaluation and Content the Critique:
The critique will be graded according to a rubric. There is a link to this that you should read before you submit your critique.  The number to the left is the highest number of points given for each section of the critique.
Critiques may NOT be re-written for a higher grade.  
You may consult the Professor or the Reader-Grader for assistance prior to turning in your critique.
Plagiarism will result in a failing grade for the assignment. I will pursue plagiarists and turn in an Academic Dishonesty Report to the Dean.  This will be on your permanent record!

 Before You Submit Your Critique:
Did you overuse the words, “very”, “really”, “just”, “kind of”?
Instead of using “you”, did you use “I”, or “the viewer”, or “one”?
Did you use contractions?  Do not say “don’t, “doesn’t”---say “do not” and “does not”.
Did you use slang terms or phrases?  (This sculpture was so like totally awesome, man….it really popped….it’s so sick!)
Did you use proper capitalization?  (I, not i)
Is there a title page in the correct format? (12 point font—Times New Roman---Do not include pictures on the title page)

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Are your descriptions of the works clear and detailed?  Do they fully identify the sculpture?
Did you discuss the style of the work?  Did you include the date?
Did you identify four elements or principles that are unique to the work of art? Did you explain how and why the artist used those elements or principles to make the statement he/she intended for the work?
Did you explain your personal thoughts and opinions about the work?
Did you or a friend read the critique aloud to check the content and flow of your paper?
Did you edit carefully, checking spelling, grammar and punctuation?
Is the title of the work of art in either italics or underlined and proper capitalization used?
When you consulted the internet or any publication to do research for your critique, did you correctly cite your resources in-text and in a works cited page in the MLA style?  This includes direct quotes and paraphrasing.
Do you have 1.5 – 2.5 pages of text in the correct format?  20 points will be deducted from your paper if you have less than 1.5 – 2.5 pages of text—no extra spaces!
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