Tuesday, 26 November 2013

Oil pollution in the Arabian Gulf

Requirement: You are requested to write a paper of 25 pages , Please the data should be from 2000 – 2013 . If you can’t find the (data) please let me know to contact the (Main Source) please.
The Bad section looks bad viewing the fragile and vulnerable ecosystem of Persian Gulf. the oil spills, wars, high rate of water evaporation due to extended drilling and oil extraction, Pollution from ships, and land-based sources have caused the  severe environmental damages. In general, the biggest pollution source in the Gulf is the oil industry, although there are some other sources of pollution such as land-based industrial plants (textile, food, chemical, and paper industries). So naturally, the main sources of oil pollution are oil spills discharged from oil wells and oil tankers. Despite the growth of the oil industry in the Gulf, which is entirely bordered by seven oil-producing states that collectively supply some 60 percent of the oil needed by the west and Japan, there is no coordinated and effective regulatory framework in force to control oil pollution.
Statistical Sources:
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The Statistics Center of Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah
All the Ports In UAE
International Maritime Organization (The IMO Annual Report 2000-2012)
Department of Transportation
UAE Port Authorities
Department of Environmental Control
Environment Agency of Abu Dhabi (Abu Dhabi Global Environmental Data Initiative)
ADNOC
On trade during the spilling period
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225705129_Oil_Spill_Simulation_and_Validation_in_the_Arabian_%28Persian%29_Gulf_with_Special_Reference_to_the_UAE_Coast
The number of oil spell in the gulf
http://www.itopf.com/information-services/data-and-statistics/statistics/
the size of the impact of the spill in the gulf
http://www.ijer.ir/?_action=articleInfo&article=588
the outcome of it on the price of oil
http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/data_graphs/40.htm


Preliminary Outline
Introduction  (Total = 8 pages)
Tankers and Spills: Tanker activity in the Gulf, specifically in the Strait of Hormuz.(2pages)
Activity statistics: Number of tankers, Departure ports, Due diligence
 Is there a reporting system in place for spills? Spill monitoring and reporting, Non-conformance penalties
Wars,
High rate of water evaporation due to extended drilling and oil extraction,
Pollution from ships, and
land-based sources
  b. Data (6 pages)
The size of the impact of the spill in the gulf
The outcome of it on the price of oil.
The number of oil spell in the gulf


Environmental risks  (10 pages)
Marine ecosystems: Environmental costs – health, economic, and biodiversity loss
Risk to marine organisms,
humans and coasts
Loss of fisheries (food security)
Congestion Traffic :

Disruption of trade activity  (Total = 5 pages)
1V. Mitigation Costs (Health, Water Resource, Desalination activity as a main source of water supply
Disruption of desalination activities
Plant/machinery damage (costs)
Interruption to supply chain and national water rationing.
Solutions  / Recommendations – a systemic approach with a model (2 pages)
Traffic control
Incidence Reporting
Adaptation and mitigation
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