Criminal Justice 230
Annotated Bibliography
Thesis:
Juveniles that commit crimes should
not be tried as adults if they a previous conviction history and the courts
have not provided them with adequate help to break their destructive cycle.
5 online
academic journals:
1.
Vines, V. (2001) Juvenile crimes and Punishment.
The National Academies in Focus, 1 (1), 22. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/211082900?accountid=12085
a.
This journal article focuses on the large amount
of crime committed by juveniles and how policy makers support youthful
offenders being tried in the adult court system. This source will be relevant
to my paper because it will also states that “treating juvenile offenders as
adults could do more harm than good” and that “state programs should be funded
to create treatment and intervention programs, so that they are not grouping
aggressive young people together.”
2.
Investigating Probation Stategies with Juvenile
Offenders: The Influence of the Officers Attitudes and Youth Characteristics-
Craig Schwalbe and Tina Maschi. Law and Behavior, Vol. 33 No 5 (Oct. 2009), pp.
357-367
a.
This article focuses on Probation Officers and
how they are available to help delinquent youth. In one part of the article it
states “PO’s assess, refer, coordinate, counsel, cajole, and coerce delinquent
youths to reduce their risk of recidividism to be accountable for their behavior.
This is the general topic of paper. This will be used to show that Probation
Officers are available to help youth change their lives so that they will not
end up in jail again.
3.
Howell, R.J. and Hutto, T.S. (2012) Sentencing
Convicted Juvenile Felony Offenders in the Adult Court: The Direct Effects of
Race and Behav. Sci. Law, 30: 782-799. Doi: 10. 1002/bsl. 2012
a.
This article discussed how race plays a major
part in how juveniles are sentenced. The article states that Blacks and
Hispanics are sentenced to more severe punishment than Caucasians. This is
going to be incorporated in my paper because it will allow me to speak about
the greatest number of juveniles incarcerated how many are repeat offenders,
what race is more likely to repeat and why are some more likely to repeat than
other.
4.
Markus, D. (2011, Feb 05) State Prisons Suspend
Diversion Program for Troubled Youth. McClathy-Tribune Business News.
(Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview184930594?accountid=12085
a.
This article describes how The Maryland
Department of Public Safety and Corrections suspended their youth diversion
program for the troubled youth. This article will benefit my paper because it
will show that programs are being taken away from our young people that can
potentially turn a troubled youth into a better being. They are now having to
divert to other forms of activities to entertain themselves and these
activities are causing them to commit crimes.
5.
Hardy, T. (2007, Dec.31) Brief: City Moves Ahead
on Programs for Troubled Youth. McClathy-Tribune Business News.
a.
This described a particular program in
Sacramento California that was designed to keep youth out of trouble. Some of
the programs implemented were after-school programs, job internships, and
mentoring. I will use this article in my paper to develop the point that if
kids have extra-curriculum activities than they may not shy into the streets
and hang out with the wrong crowds.
3 Books
Sources:
1.
Hartjen, C.A. (2008) Youth Crime and Justice: A
Global Inquiry. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press.
a.
This book describes the forms of delinquent
behavior and how a juvenile should be processed. The book describes how to
correct juveniles after they made multiple mistakes. This book will help my
paper because it will prove that youth crime is a major concern and that some
youth are more special attention than others and those are the ones that seem
to slide through the cracks.
2.
Phillips, S.D. (1996) How Ottawa Spends: Mid
Life Crisis. Carleton University Press. (pp. 304)
a.
This book states that “rather than sentencing
youth, judges incline to drop the charges, actually reducing the volume of
incarcerated offenders and hence opening the door to an increase of crime.”
This book is essential because it helps prove that dropping charges or letting
the young person go only leads to more crime essentially they feel as though
they have already gotten away with the crime.
3.
Incardi, J.A (2010) Criminal Justice. The McGraw
Hill Company. (pp. 563)
a.
This book states that “getting tough with juveniles
will deliver the message that their offenses have real life consequences and
that they will face more severe sanctions, such as a longer sentence and hard
time in a more demanding and less forgiving institutions.” I will use this
quote in my paper to discuss the pros and cons of charging youth in adult
courts.
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